The Global Economic Crisis Essay Example for Free

The Global Economic Crisis Essay The current worldwide monetary has brought forth a recharged enthusiasm among financial experts and policymakers to distinguish its causes and to think of potential arrangements. There were various money related emergencies that have occurred in the twentieth century, an impressive number of which evoked frenzy that the entire economy was at the skirt of breakdown (Karabell). Nations recently influenced by financial emergencies appear to bounce back, with upgrades in FICO assessments and returns of remote capital. In spite of the exercises gained from the past emergencies, it is unavoidable for history to rehash itself. In addition, not even the world’s most grounded economy is insusceptible from this horrible destiny. The emergency in the US contract industry began the arrangement of terrible occasions that prompted the huge financial emergency. The discernment that land costs would rise urged budgetary establishments to release their gauges to borrowers (Shiller 29). In any case, this monetary stoppage was not contained in the home loan industry. Months after the underlying indications of such lull, greater monetary foundations have been hit of what has become a worldwide budgetary emergency. It resembled dominoes falling one just after another: The destruction of Lehman Brothers tipped to the surge offer of Merrill Lynch to Bank of America, trailed by the government takeover of AIG (Duffy). Presently that the U. S. government has allowed a $7-billion bailout, the U. S. budgetary market shows promising possibilities of recuperation. However, none can be of faultless sureness with regards to its manageability (Sahadi). It is difficult to account at this early purpose of time the viability of the bailout. What is conceivable is to perceive what's going on and to make fundamental strides in the rebuilding of the institutional establishments of the money related economy. These incorporate taking short-run solutions for put a stop at any rate to the proceeding with impairments of the emergency and to utilize long haul changes that would diminish, if not absolutely annihilate, the danger of another worldwide monetary emergency. Works Cited Duffy, Michael. â€Å"After the Financial Crisis, a Cleanup That Changes Everything. † Time Magazine. 22 September 2008. 28 October 2008 http://www. time. com/time/business/article/0,8599,1843213,00.html. . Karabell, Zachary. â€Å"In A Few Fateful Days. † Newsweek. 18 October 2008. 28 October 2008 http://www. newsweek. com/id/164593. Sahadi, Jeanne. â€Å"Bailout is law: President Bush signs noteworthy $700 billion arrangement planned for stemming credit emergency. † CNNMoney. 4 October 2008. 28 October 2008 http://cash. cnn. com/2008/10/03/news/economy/house_friday_bailout/file. htm? postversion=2008100309 Shiller, Robert J. The Subprime Solution: How Todays Global Financial Crisis Happened, and What to Do about It. New Jersey: Princeton University Press, 2008.

Good Grocers, Inc Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Great Grocers, Inc - Research Paper Example The settlement may give a less expensive option than court procedures. August, Mayer and Bixby (2013) are of the supposition that court procedures may imprint the exposure of an association if the offended party presents a credible contention. The association should look for an outside court settlement as an open connection methodology (August, Mayer and Bixby, 2013). For this situation, Ms. Greene requires to be given advantages that are offered to representatives who deal with low maintenance premise. The new interest would require more than the $15 every hour wage. Moreover, she will be given extra motivations that are not furnished with temporary workers. Be that as it may, before she can be conceded the solicitation, the terms and states of her agreement ought to be surveyed. In the event that Ms. Greene recognized what her agreement involved, she can't adjust the particulars of the item. Emerson (2009) attests that a representative agreement ties their relationship with their manager. They further point out that the terms on an agreement must be changed when it is important (Emerson, 2009). In this case, it isn't vital. The store has enough workers, and Ms. Greene supplements the three days her administrations are

Emergencies and Divorce How to Plan For Worst-Case Scenarios

Emergencies and Divorce How to Plan For Worst-Case Scenarios Emergencies and Divorce: How to Plan For Worst-Case Scenarios Emergencies and Divorce: How to Plan For Worst-Case ScenariosBuilding an emergency fund is key, as is making sure that both partners in any marriage have a clear understanding of the couples finances.It’s easy to plan for the things we’re looking forward to. Want to save up for a nice vacation? It may take some discipline and dedication, but it can be nice to think about, and thinking about saving money is the first step to saving it. It might not be easy, but every time you get discouraged, you can just picture yourself on a beach, sipping a drink from a coconut with a little umbrella in it and redouble your efforts.But it’s much harder to motivate yourself to think about the bad stuff in life, let alone actually translate those thoughts into action. We don’t want to consider the possibility that negative life events like financial emergencies, divorce or even death, are going to happen. But they very much can. In fact, they’re extremely common! And the last one is guarant eed!And as bad as any costly emergency or divorce can be, they’ll be so much worse if you aren’t prepared for them. Failing to plan for emergency expenses is how people end up taking out predatory no credit check loans like payday loans and cash advancesâ€"a fate that should be avoided at all costs. So how can you prepare for the things you’d rather forget about?Take things one step at a time.Before we get into the specifics of how to plan for specific tragic life events, it’s important to make sure you’re in the right mindset. And that could mean sometimes taking a little break.“First, I think its important to recognize that we are all a little weird when it comes to money,” began Derek Hagen, founder of Hagen Financial. “And thats even when we are thinking about the happy parts of money. We get more uncomfortable talking about money than we do about politics, sex, and religion. So its natural that we get really uncomfortable when we think about areas where somethin g might go wrong or where we failed.“As uncomfortable as it is, its important to try and talk about these topics, with our spouses, partners, children, parents, or anyone who would be involved if something happened. Starting the conversation is step one. Try to separate emotions from these financial decisions. We dont want to talk about our death because its uncomfortable, but ignoring it could lead to far more stress for our heirs.“When having money conversations, try to recognize when you are about to feel emotional flooding. When we talk about stressful situations there comes a time when our ‘logical brain’ shuts off and we speak with our ‘emotional brain’ only. To avoid this, try taking 20-30 minute breaks when you feel this is about to happen. Respect and encourage others who suggest taking a break as well, since they will want to avoid emotional flooding, as well.”OK. Now you’re in the right mindset and you’re going to take breaks when necessary. Let’s star t with some general emergency planning advice.How to start building your emergency fund.An emergency fund is a good step to have regardless of what kind of life event may come your way. Having one in place means that you can do what needs to be done during an emergency without having to worry about the cost. Otherwise, you might end up having to take out a bad credit loan to make ends meet. And while some of these loans can be a sound financial solution, many others are not.“You need an emergency fund in case of an emergency, such as losing your job or having big unexpected medical or other bills,” advised Eric Meermann, certified financial planner (CFP), enrolled agent (EA), and vice president of  Palisades Hudson Financial Group (@palisadeshudson).“First, create a budget and track your monthly living expenses. Remove non-essential expenses that you would go without in the event of an emergency, such as losing your job. This will help you determine how much you need to have i n your emergency fund. Typically, your emergency cash reserve should be able to cover at least six months of anticipated living expenses, and as much as 12 months if you are the sole income earner in your household, are concerned about job security, or are self-employed.“Open a separate bank account from your primary checking account, such as an online savings account, for your emergency fund. You want to have access on short notice, while avoiding the temptation to use these savings for non-emergencies. Most importantly, your emergency fund should not be invested in the stocks or bonds to avoid the risk that it could decline in value when you need to use it. Also avoid putting your fund in a CD because you don’t want to incur costly penalties if you need to access the money before the CD matures.“Put your emergency fund contributions on auto-pilot by setting up recurring monthly transfers from your checking account to your savings account. If the transfers occur automatically , you are more likely to reach your savings target faster than if you leave it up to yourself to fund the account without wavering.”A well-stocked emergency fund will help you through any number of different stressful situations. However, there’s one area where it won’t be that much use at all: divorce.To prevent a messy divorce, both partners need to know the financials.While divorce might not be as scary as death, it can be even harder to discuss with your partner. After all, why would you even bring it up, especially if things are going well?!But no one gets married with the plan to get divorced. That’s why it can be a good idea to discuss things like prenups when things are going well and you’re both deeply, madly in love rather than risk having to hammer out those sorts of details if things get rocky.It’s also important that shared finances get shared attention.“As a Certified Divorce Financial Analyst (TM), the biggest mistake I see with clients is not having a g rasp of their financials: both the daily expenses as well as the investments,” warned Certified Divorce Financial Analyst Jennifer Jank.“One spouse typically either handles them all, or one handles the daily and the other handles investments. Both spouses need to understand their household income and expenses, as well as the balances of investment accounts (including retirement accounts) and how theyre invested. Then when the divorce happens (or the spouses death happens), the less knowledgeable partner is blindsided by everything they dont know.”Financial advisor Rosemary Frank echoed and expanded on that sentiment: “The most comprehensive way to prepare financially for divorce is to fully participate in the household finances. Know what is going on. A recent survey by UBS revealed that 98% of all divorced women say they wish they had known more about what their husbands were doing with the finances. If he ‘won’t let you’ participate, you are more ready for divorce th an you may realize. Financial abuse is rampant. The same research shows that millennials are much more likely to surrender financial responsibilities to husbands than boomers. This is shocking.”Hopefully you’ll take those steps before a divorce happens. But there are also considerations to make post-divorce, as Mark Charnet, founder and CEO of American Prosperity Group, told us:“After a divorce, the individual must analyze where they currently are relative to a projected retirement date, determine assets on hand, risk tolerance and available recurring capital to direct to retirement plans. Even though the divorcee potentially lost half of their retirement plan in the divorce, they also lost a portion of the expense to pay for the now ex-spouses retirement needs. More discipline is required to pay yourself first, live on less today in order to have more in retirement, and to carefully monitor the retirement plan statements for any buying opportunities. With a religious fervor, contributions must be increased and accelerated to take advantage of ‘dollar cost averaging,’ the opportunity to purchase with a lesser average cost than the average price over time.”Nobody likes preparing for the worst. But for those who take the time do that prep, their worst isnt quite as worse as everyone else’s. To learn more about long-term financial planning, check out these related posts and articles from OppLoans:Good Personal Finance for the Long TermFrom Budget to Baller: 6 Tips to Grow Your MoneyThe DO’s and DO NOT’s of Saving For CollegeHave you and your family planned for worst case scenarios? We want to hear from you!  You can  email us  or you can find us on  Facebook  and  Twitter.Visit OppLoans on  YouTube  |  Facebook  |  Twitter  |  LinkedINContributorsMark Charnet, founder and CEO of American Prosperity Group, has been in the retirement and financial estate planning field for over 35 years. Mark has numerous certifications and credentials, including Life and Health Insurance, Certified Annuity Specialist and FINRA Series 6, 63, and 65 Securities Licenses. APG’s unique approach to retirement and legacy planning allows clients to retire with confidence.Rosemary Frank is the Principal of Rosemary Frank Financial, LLC, a fee-only Registered Investment Adviser. As such, she provides services in the areas of wealth management, divorce financial consulting, and other attorney support services. Bound by the fiduciary standard, she always puts the clients best interests ahead of all other considerations.Derek Hagen  is the founder of Hagen Financial, LLC, a financial coaching and counseling firm that helps clients develop a healthy relationship with money and find the motivation to change their behavior. He is the founder of the Money Health blog which  helps readers increase their financial health. Derek holds the Certified Financial Planner and Chartered Financial Analyst designations. In his free time, he enjoys all things outdoors , especially camping, hiking, and running.Jennifer “JJ” Jank focuses on women and their financial needs, and her goal is to empower women through financial education, including divorce financial analysis. She is a CERTIFIED FINANCIAL PLANNER and a Certified Divorce Financial Analyst ® professional. She can be found on the internet through either of her website www.FabFemFinance.com.Eric Meermann, CFP ®, CVA, EA, is the senior client service executive in the Stamford office of Palisades Hudson Financial Group (@palisadeshudson), where he supervises the staff of client service professionals. As a vice president, he is also responsible for firmwide professional staff development, as well as serving clients in the Northeast and across the country.

Nike The World s Leading Supplier Of Athletic Shoes

Nike is the world’s leading supplier of athletic shoes and merchandise. Within the United States alone Nike has exceeded $3.7 billion in total sales, and they make up more than 47% of the U.S. athletic sneaker market. Nike has been supplying the world with the top athletic sneakers and apparel since 1978. Originally founded as Blue Ribbon Sports by Bill Bowerman and Phil Knight in 1962, the brand didn’t see increases in success until they rebranded in the late 1970’s. In 2015 Nike announced that they plan to grow its online and e-commerce business to $7 billion by the year 2020. Mark Parker, current Nike CEO, says the potential for $7 billion in sales is there but the company needs to the target audience to adapt to the new advertising strategy that Nike has begun to implement. Nike is focusing their attention on their new Nike+ app. Since the summer of 2015 Nike has received positive feedback about the app and the company plans to advertise and sale products thr ough Nike+. Parker is relying heavily ads on the Nike+ app and mobile sales to take Nike to a new level, he’s quoted as saying, â€Å"Mobile innovation and personal services are dominating the landscape, that’s why we need to invest in integrating digital and physical retail seamlessly, giving our customers better access to the products that they want†. Ad Nike continues to grow and transition there sales strategy, so will the companies advertising change up. The company will now focus its attention on advertisingShow MoreRelatedNike Strategy1302 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction For this module Session Long Project I picked Nike, Inc as the multinational company to study. Here we will discuss the origin and history of this company and its profile. We will also cover Nike s international activities and how they managed to become today s world s leading supplier of athletic shoes, apparel and sports equipment. We will see how this company managed to expand internationally and control the sportswear arena completely by utilizing marketing strategy centeringRead MoreThe Athletic Shoe Industry Is Made Up Of Companies That Produce Footwear For Athletic Use1638 Words   |  7 PagesExecutive Summary Introduction The athletic shoe industry is made up of companies that produce footwear for athletic use. This is a strong industry and has been around for over 100 years. The athletic shoe industry is one of the fastest growing footwear industries and have top growing sales compared to other footwear industries (NDP Group, 2016). The key players that currently dominate the market are Nike, Adidas, and Puma (Kates Bolduc, 2013). This paper will use the porter five forces, industryRead MoreStrategic Analysis of Nike1213 Words   |  5 PagesNike Case Analysis Nike is a worlds leading supplier of athletic shoes and apparel. The company was founded in 1964, when it was selling shoes to athletes. It grow rapidly through the 1970’s, and expanded its product lines to produce footwear in the categories of running, training, basketball, casual shoes, and kids shoes. As the bloom faded from the domestic athletic footwear market, the company entered active apparel market in 1978. Nike made a series of strategic decisions in 1970’s and earlyRead MoreA Research Report On Nike1612 Words   |  7 Pages â€Æ' EXECUTIVE SUMMARY This situational analysis focuses on a world leading brand Nike. Firms undertake a situational analysis and planning process to identify and justify appropriate marketing opportunities for growth. This report provides an introduction to Nike with a background to the Company, its history and its product. This report also provides background data on the market, the product in more depth, its competition, the industry and the macro environment. A summary of the key findings fromRead MoreEssay on Promotion of Nike vs. Adidas1745 Words   |  7 PagesPROMOTION! NIKE Nike is the worlds #1 manufacturer and marketer of athletic footwear and apparel. Almost out of the blue, the company established itself as one of the worlds most familiar brands during the 1980s and 1990s.and now 2000s. As familiar as a Coke bottle or Big Mac, the Nike swoosh logo came to symbolize not just sports culture, but street culture, as the appeal of the star players who endorsed the brand was carried onto city streets. Nike is undisputed leader in sports-orientedRead MoreNikes Core Competencies Exist In Their1511 Words   |  7 Pagestheir products and markets. Although Nike does not manufacture any of its own shoes, the company is still today’s leader in selling athletic shoes and apparel. Nikes marketing strategy is an important component of the companys success. Nike is located as a premium-brand, selling well-designed and costly products. Nike lures clients with a marketing strategy centring on their brand image: a distinctive logo (the Swoosh ) and the advertising slogan Just Do It. Nike promotes its products by supportRead MoreCase Study : Under Armour Case955 Words   |  4 Pagesplace in a competitive market. The sports apparel market already has strong companies leading profits. Nike Inc., Columbia Sportswear Company and Adidas AG are the largest direct competitors to Under Armour. Under Armour has had a big challenge to create their own brand that would be in demand with the consumer while competing against already well established brands. Under Armour Inc − SP 500 − #62 in FORTUNE s Fastest-Growing Companies as of August 2015 − #739 in FORTUNE 1000 as of June 2015 −Read MoreNike vs Adidas1039 Words   |  5 PagesNike, Inc. (IPA: / naÉ ªki/) (NYSE: NKE) is a major publicly traded sportswear and equipment supplier based in the United States. The company is headquartered in Beaverton, near the Portland metropolitan area of Oregon. It is the world s leading supplier of athletic shoes and apparel and a major manufacturer of sports equipment with revenue in excess of $18.6 billion USD in its fiscal year 2008 (ending May 31, 2008). As of 2008, it employed more than 30,000 people worldwide. Nike and Precision CastpartsRead MoreNike Business Case Study1380 Words   |  6 Pagesencourage economic competition, people feel better about working for that company, and it s the right thing to do which can cause personal happiness and satisfaction (Lecture 1, 2017). Even though every company should act ethically correct, not everyone does and Nike is a great example of that. Nike is a company who grew fast and looked for a cheap way to manufacture th eir products, by manufacturing overseas. Nike had a strong start but when people started protesting the company and their name was beingRead MoreCase Study - Nike: Spreading Out to Stay Together1343 Words   |  6 PagesCase Study: Amazon: Nike: Spreading Out to Stay Together Nike, Inc. is an American  multinational corporation  that is engaged in the design, development and worldwide marketing and selling of footwear, apparel, equipment, accessories and services. The company is headquartered near  Beaverton, Oregon, in the  Portland metropolitan area. It is the world s leading supplier of  athletic shoes  and  apparel  and a major manufacturer of  sports equipment, with revenue in excess of US$24.1  billion in its fiscal

Disparities in Criminal Sentencing Research Report

Disparities in Criminal Sentencing Introduction According to the Pew Research Center, African-American males incarceration is predominantly concentrated among Black males aged between 20 and 34. A number of factors contribute to this alarming statistics. While focusing on incarceration, studies demonstrate that the population in national prisons has increased by more than 600% from 1970s (Robinson, 2009). This is a significantly large number compared to the 40% increase in the national population during the same period. Before the 70s, the judicial systems in America were viewed as the most liberal, progressive, and humane. In the 1980s, federal and state governments launched new correctional centers to support the inflow of prisoners (United States Department of Labor, Office of Policy Planning and Research, 1965). Across these correctional facilities, societal, cultural, and economic inequalities were the leading contributors of Black males incarceration rates. This study examines the factors that led to this high incarceration rate among African-American males. Socio-Economic Inequality Structural socio-economic favoritism refers to the contrast in the distribution of assets, economic resources, and salary between individuals in society. While examining the statistics, I understood that such disparities contribute to the increasing detention rates in United States. The prison boom and the inequality both stems from the mid-1970s (Cohen, 2010). To demonstrate thisShow MoreRelatedMandatory Minimum Sentencing Guidelines And Guidelines942 Words   |  4 Pagesmandatory minimum sentencing. The Committee decided the guidelines would be set the levels in the Drug Quantity Table (Hinojosa 1998). This would be done to create a set standard for levels 26 and 32. see table 1 {Table 1 About Here} These levels would work along with a standard set of program ranges that are above the statutory mandatory minimum sentencing laws (Weld 1986). Congress was not in favor of the sentencing table and told the USSC to prepare to research and present their findingsRead MoreMale And Female Sentencing : A Look Into Alternative Sentencing1274 Words   |  6 PagesFemale V Male Sentencing A Look into Alternative Sentencing Ritchey, Christian American Military University Author Note This paper was prepared for CRMJ201. Abstract With incarceration rates rising and jail and prison populations at an all-time high, alternative sentencing is being used more often with non-violent offenders. This paper looks at male and female incarceration rates, the use of alternative programs for sentencing between the two and the effectiveness of such programs. During the paperRead MoreCircuit Criminal Court Sentencing Docket Attendance: A Report881 Words   |  4 PagesReport On Attendance of Circuit Court Criminal Sentencing Docket Date Attended: March 14, 2013 Place: Morgan County Courthouse, Decatur, Alabama Judge: Glenn Thompson Docket Criminal sentencing Attorneys Multiple attorneys representing multiple clients On March 14, 2013, the writer of this work attended a criminal sentencing docket at the Morgan County Courthouse in the Circuit Court in Decatur, Alabama. The Honorable Glenn Thompson was presiding over the criminal sentencing docket. The docketRead MoreInfluential Factors on a Juveniles Life1510 Words   |  6 PagesThere are numerous influential factors that can determine the path a juvenile takes in life. Research has consistently shown that a juvenile’s family setting is one of the most influential factors in the juvenile’s life (Hawkins, Herrenkohl, Farrington, Brewer, Catalano, and Harachi, 1998). A common finding among research has been that children from â€Å"broken homes† or single parent homes are more likely to become involved in delinquent behaviors (Tanner). Single parent homes are more often than notRead MoreRacial and Ethnic Disparity and Criminal Justice3054 Words   |  12 PagesRacial and Ethnic Disparity and Criminal Justice: How much is too much? In this article, Robert, April, and Jorge (2010) acknowledges previous research reports on this topic and reveals that race, and racial patterns have found their way in involvement of crime. However, Robert, April, and Jorge (2010) argue that there is no significant proof that there are meaningful racial disparities in the legal systems. Although some literatures provide research on the existence of racial profiling by policeRead MoreThe Bias And Discretion Of The Sentencing Process1415 Words   |  6 Pagesbiases exist within our court system when it comes down to sentencing. So, are we saying the judges are racist? This learner hopes not, but she cannot help but wonder if they are just based on the number of African American that is housed in our jails/prisons. There just seems to be an overwhelming amount of us incarcerated verses Caucasians. It is also amazing that some of the sentencing time that judges past down for the same type of criminal act (e.g., burglary, auto theft, et c.) seems to be worstRead MoreSentencing Disparities And Race On Criminal Sentencing2644 Words   |  11 PagesIntroduction Sentencing disparities as a result of an individual’s race or ethnic background, has been one of the most frequently investigated topics in criminological research. (Mitchell, Mackenzie 2004). Several studies have attempted to understand the impact of the offenders’ race on criminal sentencing but there has been variation in the results- some of studies concluded race does effect sentencing regardless of the legal variables; some studies revealed it does not; while other studies concludedRead MoreJudges On Trial : A Reexamination Of Judicial Race And Gender Effects Across Modes Of Conviction1044 Words   |  5 PagesCommission on Sentencing that has been strengthened to include information on sentencing judges and criminal court contexts, and it argues that the mode of conviction shapes the focus of sentencing discretion in ways that systematically underestimate judge effects for pooled estimates of incarceration and sentence length (Johnson, p. 159). Research that f ocuses on the effects of judicial background characteristics suggest minimal influence based on race or gender of the sentencing judge in criminal casesRead MoreThe Criminal Justice System And Women1773 Words   |  8 PagesHistory of Sentencing Disparities in sentencing have existed since the dawn of the Criminal Justice System and women are seen to be favoured by the system when compared to men because of notions that women offenders are more cooperative in the judicial process, women are primary care givers to children and that they are only accessories of crime because of the association with male criminals. However, it is not until recently that appearing as a defendant has changed from an intimidating experienceRead MoreRacial Disparities Within The United States1793 Words   |  8 PagesRacial Disparities in Sentencing In a country where many believe the hatchet of racism was buried with its first black president, many people of color, both non-black and black are still frustrated and disappointed in the progress to be made. Many progressives prefer to see America as a colorblind nation, a nation where if you work hard and do right, you ll fulfill the American Dream. Often this dream is accompanied with challenge after challenge for people of color. Of course what first must

The Effects Of Domestic Violence On The Family System

According to the above literature and the fact on the ground domestic violence physically, psychologically and socially affects women, men and their families. In addition, the abuse usually is an attempt by one partner to exert control through pressure, fear, verbal abuse or threats of violence. Therefore, the family system concepts theory â€Å"understanding the significance of the environmental context of the family system is the key to assessing family process and outcomes† Thomlison, 2010, p. 45). The family system â€Å"concept 1 theory is the family as a system is greater than the sum of its individual system (Thomlison, 2010, p. 46). In addition, this theory is very helpful on identity the impact of the domestic violence on the family because the issues are related to one another any change in one part will affect the others (Thomlison, 2010, p. 46). According to this concept, a practitioner can clearly visualize children growing up in violent homes do not need to be p hysically abused to take on violent and delinquent behavior it is enough to witness their mother’s or father’s abuse. For instance, if a practitioner is dealing with a teenager who is struggling lose the ability to feel empathy for others, feel socially isolated, unable to make friends as easily due to social discomfort or confusion over what is acceptable. The practitioner if he uses concept 1 can assist and understand the cause of teenage behavior during intervention if he understands the family as a whole†Show MoreRelatedDomestic Violence : The United States Department Of Justice1617 Words   |  7 Pagesdepartment of Justice (2015) defines domestic violence as a â€Å"pattern of abusive behavior in any relationship that is used to by one partner to gain or maintain power and control over another intimate partner†. Domestic violence occurs in every culture, country, and age group. It affects individuals from all socioeconomic, educational, religious b ackgrounds, and occurs in both same-sex and heterosexual relationships. For this paper I will take a look at how domestic violence affects marriages. I will exploreRead MoreDomestic Violence : The Horrific Effects Of Abuse1464 Words   |  6 PagesDOMESTIC VIOLENCE: The Horrifying Effects of Abuse â€Å"To those who abuse: the sin yours, the crime is yours, and the shame is yours. To those who protect the perpetrators: blaming the victims only masks the evil within, making you as guilty as those who abuse. Stand up for the innocent or go down with the rest†¦Ã¢â‚¬  These are the words of an individual who sees too clearly the injustice which comes with domestic violence toward women. The United States government estimates one in every four women willRead MoreDomestic Violence : Policing Coercive Control915 Words   |  4 Pageshusband who has a history of violence. All across the United States, domestic violence causes havoc on families directly and indirectly. Moreover, domestic abuse not only affects the victims it also has a profound effect on the children. Battered women are faced with uncertainty as they struggle to survive. In the article Stark, E. (2009). Rethinking Custody Evaluation in Cases Involving Domestic Violence reviewed the court system and the effect d omestic violence has on families. In addition, another articleRead MoreA Society Of Victims : Understanding And Preventing The Effects Of Domestic Violence Essay1348 Words   |  6 Pages ​​A Society of Victims: Understanding and Preventing the Effects of Domestic Violence Domestic Violence has been an ongoing issue since the beginning of time and for centuries, considered a private family matter. While it may have been noticed, it was rarely addressed and intervention was rarely offered to, or accepted by the victim. With the uprising of feminist movements, domestic violence is now recognized as a serious social issue, with the implications of abuse reaching far past the fourRead MoreTheoretical Framework on Domestic Violence1416 Words   |  6 PagesTheoretical Framework on Domestic Violence Theoretical Framework Domestic Violence among Women and Children A Theoretical Framework are theories that is formulated to explain, predict, and understand phenomena and, in many cases, to challenge and extend existing knowledge, within the limits of the critical bounding assumptions. The theoretical framework is the structure that can hold or support a theory of a research study. The theoretical framework introduces and describes the theory which explainsRead MoreDomestic Violence : Violence Between Adult Intimate Partners1632 Words   |  7 PagesDomestic Violence Introduction Domestic Violence isn t just hitting, or fighting, or an occasional mean argument. It s a chronic abuse of power. The abuser tortures and controls the victim by calculated threats, intimidation, and physical violence. Actual physical violence is often the end result of months or years of intimidation and control. Defining the problem: Domestic violence is violence between adult intimate partners. Though the definition above seems simple enough (it is widely acceptedRead MoreMandatory Arrests For Domestic Violence1682 Words   |  7 PagesARRESTS 1 MANDATORY ARRESTS 8 Mandatory Arrests for Domestic Violence Do More Harm than Good Colby Heywood University of Massachusetts - Lowell Mandatory Arrests for Domestic Violence Do More Harm than Good Domestic violence, or intimate partner violence, is a common problem. As a result, the criminal justice adapted to demands, especially from feminists, who bemoaned the poor response of police, and in turn, the justice system by instituting mandatory arrests. However, mandatory arrestsRead MoreDomestic Violence And Other Lifetime Disturbance1590 Words   |  7 PagesDomestic violence and other lifetime disturbance can have significant mental health effects. Although symptoms often recover or decline with increased safety and social support, maltreatment may sometimes have longer-term health and mental health effects. The disturbing effects of abuse can affect an individual’s ability to access safety, restore from trauma, and to pursue lifetime goals. In addition to that, living with mental health disorders or addiction upsurges a person’s risk of experiencingRead MoreWomen And Domestic Violence : Lauren Lys Essay1699 Words   |  7 Pages Women and Domestic Violence Lauren Lys Eastern Michigan University Abstract Domestic violence, also called intimate partner violence, is a pattern of behavior used to establish power and control over another person through fear and intimidation, often including the threat or use of violence. Statically women are the victims of domestic violence; this has been happening for a long time. In 1994 Congress passed the Violence Against Women Act, for the first time providing recognitionRead MoreChild Exposure to Domestic Violence1163 Words   |  5 PagesChild Exposure to Domestic Violence Introduction: Domestic Violence is any willful intimidations, sexual assault, physical assaults, or any other forms of physical or verbal violent behavior by one intimate partner towards another. Domestic Violence can create both psychological and emotional effects on both the intended victim and anyone that witnesses it to include children. Some children that witness domestic violence are experiencing serious effects that they have to deal with all their

Urban Inequalities for Urban and Regional Research- myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about theUrban Inequalities for Urban and Regional Research. Answer: Introduction Inequalities can be found in all urban areas across the globe. Urban inequality can be summed up as the extreme differences that exist within an urban population in terms of wealth and poverty. The differences can be noted in regards to the capacity of individuals to access various resources such as housing and education. The implications or urban inequalities result in society-wide implications more so in relation to the quality of life lived. It is for this reason that tremendous efforts and resources have been channeled towards determining the causes of urban inequality, as one way of developing mitigation strategies (Musterd, 2005, p.5). For some thinkers and scholars, urban inequalities come about as a result of property in urban land. In other words, they assert that differential property rates form the basis of differences in wealth and power within the society. This write-up on the other hand, argues for the fact that urban inequalities come about as a result of a multiplicit y of various social phenomena rather than property in urban land. From this point of view, therefore, urban inequalities arise out of interacting social factors within a given urban environment. This perspective places the issue of inequality within its context to allow for comprehensive understanding of the challenge at hand. Urban inequalities come about as a result of day to day interactions and transactions. Urban inequalities entail differences in access to housing, services as well as aspects of safety and security. This means analyzing the entirety of the system rather than focusing on city plans (Burgers and Musterd, 2002, p.7) Inequality bears racial, ethnic, historical connotations which means it cannot be tied down to a single causative factor such as the property rates and planning. Understanding urban inequality means analyzing poverty and its causes (O'connor, Tilly, and Bobo, 2001, p.71) To this extent, it means that one has to understand how poverty comes about within a given society. Poverty, ideally revolves around resource inadeq uacies which limit a persons access to opportunities and services. A good example is the inability to access proper education. This further limits an individuals access to opportunities throughout their lifetime. For instance, in most cases it becomes a major obstacle in terms of gaining entry into jobs as well as better payment scales. Such differences in income and education ultimately result in the differences in housing demand, with people seeking to find shelter and settlement in areas they can afford. Another way of understanding the onset of urban inequality is by focusing on the values systems within a given society. This means analyzing the motivations, norms and factors that a society observes in its daily interactions. Wealth and power are some of the most celebrated tenets in most societies, in this case therefore, a great deal of efforts and resources are directed towards amassing wealth and gaining power in society (Bobo and Massagli, 2001, p.9). Daily activities and interactions are thus made up of actions and efforts aimed at enhanci ng, covering, or transcending various classes of the status quo. When analyzed from the context of urban inequality, decisions and actions that are made in relation to socio-economic status within a society also influence the prevalence of inequality. In other words, decisions such as employment opportunities or access to healthcare are influenced by an individuals socio-economic standing within the society (Jargowsky, 2002, p18). To put this example into context one would focus on the choice of housing between the rich and the poor. The rich will prefer to stay within neighborhoods that reflect their status. This then leaves the poor confined to neighborhoods that they can afford (Parker, 2010, p.21). This results in differences in geographical placement and planning decisions. Suburbanization is another major factor that can be considered when attempting to define urban inequality. As cities expand, the emergent areas become more attractive resulting in a major shift from the inner city towards to the robust new areas. Conclusively, it is evident that urban inequalities are likely to rise even as knowledge alterations and globalization continue to take root across the globe. While this paper strives to establish the root cause of its existence, it is does not offer solutions to how it can be minimized. It is clear that urban inequality has far reaching implications for the well-being of the society. The importance of understanding the root cause of urban inequality is that it provides the right footing in regards to the development of mitigation strategies. Having understood the fact that social phenomena are the root causes of urban inequality, there is a need to engage in discussions regarding some of the approaches that can be established to combat the growing social menace. References Bobo, L.D. and Massagli, M.P., 2001. Stereotyping and urban inequality. Urban inequality: Evidence from four cities, pp.89-162. Burgers, J. and Musterd, S., 2002. Understanding urban inequality: a model based on existing theories and an empirical illustration. International Journal of Urban and Regional Research, 26(2), pp.403-413. Jargowsky, Paul A. (2002). "Sprawl, concentration of poverty, and urban inequality." Urban sprawl: Causes, consequences, and policy responses 39-72. Musterd, S., 2005. Social and ethnic segregation in Europe: levels, causes, and effects. Journal of urban affairs, 27(3), pp.331-348. O'connor, A., Tilly, C. and Bobo, L. eds., 2001. Urban inequality: Evidence from four cities. Russell Sage Foundation. Parker, K. F. (2010). Unequal crime decline: Theorizing race, urban inequality, and criminal violence. New York: New York University Press.

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Free Essays on The Female Eunuch

Story of an Hour: Seen but Not Heard†¦Women in the Victorian Age Written by: Svenmancke In an age where bustles, petticoats, and veils stifled women physically, it is not surprising that society imposed standards that stifled them mentally. Women were molded into an ideal form from birth, with direction as to how they should speak, act, dress, and marry. They lacked education, employable skills, and rights in any form. Every aspect of their life was controlled by a male authority figure starting with their father at birth and persisting through early womanhood into marriage where it was the husband who possessed control. Men believed that it was the law of the bible for one of the two parties to be superior and the other inferior. Women were ruled over as children and were to be seen†¦but not heard. Author and feminist Kate Chopin lived in the height of the Victorian Era and was a first-hand witness to the suppression women endured and accepted in the late 19th century. Unlike most women at the time, Chopin was far from a conformist. Kate showed increasing concern for the plight of women in Victorian age America and she responded with scandalous writings dealing explicitly with love, sex and marriage. In one of her more famous short stories, The Story of an Hour, her refusal to be silenced is all too evident. Chopin presents a character known simply as Mrs. Mallard. The lack of personal identity is evident in this name. Not once in this story is her first name mentioned illustrating the lack of individuality possessed by these women. The name also reveals another element in the formula representing the ideal Victorian housewife. Mallard ducks are docile, unthreatening creatures that when in flight, fly in form...never wavering from their perfect V. This loyalty to conformity and meekness was the ideal society demanded. The similarity between mallards and women is striking and it is appalling how men ruled over women as if ... Free Essays on The Female Eunuch Free Essays on The Female Eunuch Story of an Hour: Seen but Not Heard†¦Women in the Victorian Age Written by: Svenmancke In an age where bustles, petticoats, and veils stifled women physically, it is not surprising that society imposed standards that stifled them mentally. Women were molded into an ideal form from birth, with direction as to how they should speak, act, dress, and marry. They lacked education, employable skills, and rights in any form. Every aspect of their life was controlled by a male authority figure starting with their father at birth and persisting through early womanhood into marriage where it was the husband who possessed control. Men believed that it was the law of the bible for one of the two parties to be superior and the other inferior. Women were ruled over as children and were to be seen†¦but not heard. Author and feminist Kate Chopin lived in the height of the Victorian Era and was a first-hand witness to the suppression women endured and accepted in the late 19th century. Unlike most women at the time, Chopin was far from a conformist. Kate showed increasing concern for the plight of women in Victorian age America and she responded with scandalous writings dealing explicitly with love, sex and marriage. In one of her more famous short stories, The Story of an Hour, her refusal to be silenced is all too evident. Chopin presents a character known simply as Mrs. Mallard. The lack of personal identity is evident in this name. Not once in this story is her first name mentioned illustrating the lack of individuality possessed by these women. The name also reveals another element in the formula representing the ideal Victorian housewife. Mallard ducks are docile, unthreatening creatures that when in flight, fly in form...never wavering from their perfect V. This loyalty to conformity and meekness was the ideal society demanded. The similarity between mallards and women is striking and it is appalling how men ruled over women as if ...

Strategy and Strategic management Research Essay

Strategy and Strategic management Research - Essay Example By embracing Best Practice the industry would gain; There is no single accepted definition of 'strategy' (Price and Newson, 2003, p. 184).5 A 1999 study by Price, McCaffer and Thorpe (cited by Price and Newson, 2003, p. 190) established that the construction industry prefers the definition given by Johnson and Scholes in 1999: "Strategy is the direction and scope of an organization over the long term: which achieves competitive advantage for the organization through its configuration of resources within a changing environment, to meet the needs of markets and to fulfil stakeholder expectations." Chinowsky's (2001, p. 60)6 research into existing models of strategic management, combined with interviews with executives, led him to devolve seven key considerations for executives when attempting to formulate strategic management plans: In 1998 they surveyed the ENR Top 400 Contractors in the United States. Most organisations intended to leverage technological tools and capitalise on greater market knowledge. However the research also found that there was no such emphasis on life-long learning and protecting existing market share from competitors. Critique: In answer to the obvious question: 'Where precisely will a project-focused organisation find time to grapple with 'strategy' Chinowsky and Meredith (... The need to identify, find and pursue new markets; and Improved communications between project teams and peripheral departments. In 1998 they surveyed the ENR Top 400 Contractors in the United States. Most organisations intended to leverage technological tools and capitalise on greater market knowledge. However the research also found that there was no such emphasis on life-long learning and protecting existing market share from competitors. Critique: In answer to the obvious question: 'Where precisely will a project-focused organisation find time to grapple with 'strategy' Chinowsky and Meredith (2001, p. 3) reply that without a strategic plan - which clearly identifies the tasks and evaluation measures to be undertaken at departmental level - this will be a very difficult undertaking. Given that multi-billion dollar organisations are having difficulty grappling with strategy management and strategy planning, what hope for the small employer (1-10 employees), or sole-trader who supplies to larger organisations 3. Strategic Management Process Price and Newson (2003, p184) favour the 'positioning' school of strategic theory, as exemplified by Professor Michael Porter, and look at strategy in terms of process, content and context: Strategy process is defined as the ''manner in which strategies come about'' and is concerned with the how, who, and when of strategy. Strategy content is described as "the product of the strategy process and is the what of strategy". Strategy context is concerned with the "where" of strategy and refers to "the organizational and environmental circumstances under which the strategy process and strategy content are determined". Strategic management process can be broken down into analysis, formation and

Human resources planning Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Human resources planning - Assignment Example The factors that influence the demand for products and services, as well as skills competencies are put into consideration and how these factors may continue to influence demand. The company’s supply chain boosts for lower inventories, smoother production plans, reduced stock-outs, and improved customer service as a result of better forecasting techniques. The supply technique adopted by the organization is effectively done to ensure that production is done for the right quantities and the right time. For this reason, the suppliers of YWCA Niagara have always strived to find ways to match demand and supply in order to achieve optimal levels of cost, customer service, and quality that guarantees a competitive advantage with other suppliers, especially in the HR market (Armstrong, 2007). The YWCA Niagara supply chain is designed in such a way that problems that affect delivery may have ramifications throughout the chain. Demand and supply in the human resource department are done by reviewing the data available in the HR audit and projections made for future HR demand and supply. The internal labor force in the organization may be affected by temporary factors such as leaves and permanent factors such as deaths. One of the  core  methods used by the company to forecast the future HR supply is trend analysis. The method is based on the assumption that past ratios and trends in the movement of employees is stable and is a reliable indicator of the future trends and the necessary ratios of employee movement (Belcourt, & Belcourt, 2012). The company makes use of the information collected in HR audit and employment data analysis to identify the labor patterns. The examination of past trends enables the HR department to predict the effect of similar activities in the future of the organization since the HR department makes the assumption that the factors will remain stable and unchanged. Although trend analysis is not

Evacuation Sources Questions Essay Example for Free

Evacuation Sources Questions Essay Well, to answer this question I must first analyse both the sources, source B is a picture depicting what seems to be a class of evacuees and their teacher walking down the road, probably to the train station to be evacuated. The picture shows many of the children waving and smiling, and what seems like a lot of them skipping, showing them being happy about being evacuated. Being a photograph, it is quite unlikely that it has been changed in any way, or staged to show the children being happy, as the scene seems quite natural. However it is still possible that it was staged by the government at the time to encourage people not to resist evacuating their children, this would be done by showing the children happy and carefree, not afraid or worried about it. Also the picture was taken at the start of the war, when not many people had been evacuated, at this time the children and their families may not know exactly where they were going, and may have treated it like a holiday, so therefore they probably wouldnt be to afraid about what was happening. So, overall this source is quite a useful source, but that of course depends on what for, it is useful for showing childrens reactions to being evacuated at the start of the war, however this wouldnt be useful for any time before or after this, limiting its usefulness. This also could, if it was a staged photograph by the government, be useful for showing what the government wanted people to think. Source C however is quite different to the previous source, this is an interview with a school teacher during the evacuation, in 1988, in this source, it offers a different view of the childrens feelings about being evacuated, in this source, it tells us that the children were afraid to talk, showing that they werent care or worry free about the situation. This source is primary evidence, as the person was there at the time, however this is taken in 1988, and the person could very well have forgotten some of the details of the evacuation, and therefore their memory of the event could be unreliable. However this might not be the case, and therefore it could be quite reliable. Overall, I think that source B is the most reliable, as it is a photograph taken at the time, and therefore the details of the situation would nearly definitely be correct, source C however is an account from memory and therefore the details could be wrong. Source D is a photograph taken by the government during the war of evacuees being bathed, it shows three bath tubs close together with all the children washing and laughing, this scene would be likely to give the impression that the children, and the places they went to were hygienic, this would lessen the worries of the childrens families, and also may convince more people to become host families, because the children here seem healthy, clean and happy, not dirty smelly children with bad manners, as was many peoples views of them. Also this may convince people to evacuate their children, as many families living in the cities were to poor to even bath their children, so this would be seen as an improvement in their lifestyle and living conditions. Also, if this picture was taken after around January 1940, when many evacuees returned, many of their reasons being that they felt they were better of at home, and that life with the host families was unhappy, or the parents believed this to be so, then this photograph could be being used by the government to convince families to keep their children with host families, that life out there wasnt as bad as it was made out to be. So overall I think that it really depends on when this photo was taken, which would determine why it was taken.

Designers, unlike artists, can’t follow their creative impulses, they E

Designers, unlike artists, can’t follow their creative impulses, they work in a commercial environment, which means there are a huge number of considerations influencing the design process† The work of a fashion designer is influenced by the demands of the industry in which they work, which has both positive and negative influences on the creative process. This essay looks at some of the key parameters that the fashion designer must work within, and the effect that these factors have on the creative process and the finished product. One key factor that affects the work of a designer is an element over which the individual had a certain degree of control: The company that they choose to work for. There is a vast spectrum of elements that vary from company to company and have on a knock on effect on what is expected of the designer; from company practices, culture, values and policies to the public perception of the company to the size and resources available within a given business. Ipsuis are a small British company that design and manufacture casual wear, and provide an example of how company policy effects design. The company was set up with the aim of producing a completely fairly traded product. In addition to ensuring that all labourers are fairly paid, Ipsuis will only use fairly traded fabrics which means a far more limited choice for the designer and considerably longer lead times for a new fabric. Designers in the upper end of the market, rely on their design team to produce work that is in keeping with the image they have worked hard to create. From a designer’s perspective it is beneficial to be able to move between different companies- giving the opportunity to find a business that supports a designers vision. The next thing to consider after which company a designer works for is their competition, both internal and external. Fashion design is a highly competitive job market. Designers are often given temporary contracts and only have a short time to prove themselves before their employer looks elsewhere. This, coupled with a high rate of redundancy due to the volatile nature of the market means that designers are under constant pressure to be at the forefront of their industry. The advantage of working in this competitive environment is that it spurs the designer on to achieve their best and results in hi... ...osts, so that is Tesco that benefits from increased profits. In this scenario, the designer does not see any benefit from the change to the law. Ultimately, the situation highlighted above leads onto the single most important factor that drives the fashion industry and therefore what is expected of a designer: Profit. It considered acceptable by critics that the work of the artist often has a limited appeal. A designer work must have a certain amount of mass appeal in order for the garments to sell well and make a profit. All the other considerations looked at in this essay in some way tie in to the issue of profit and the best way in which to maximise this. This inevitably puts the designer under certain pressures, which to varying extents limits their creativity. However this is a small price to pay for working in a commercial environment that gives designers a platform to get their ideas off paper and into the shops, that allows the designer freedom to concentrate on their work whilst other business related considerations are taken care of by others and most importantly allows the designer to make a living out of the very thing they are most passionate about.

Knowledge to Assess Essay

Sources A and B agree with the interpretation that the creation of the Kingdom of Northern Italy was due mainly to the support of France with Source A arguably providing the strongest argument for this. Both the Sources confirm that France was committed to providing military assistance to Piedmont with Source A clearly stating that France has ‘decided to support Piedmont with all [their] power in a war against Austria’ and Source B backing this up by saying ‘Piedmont might rely upon our vigorous support if attacked by Austria’. Both the Sources also prove that French support was important as both Sources show concern for the diplomatic consequences in the event of war with Austria with Source A saying ‘provided the war could be justified in diplomatic circles and in the eyes of†¦French public opinion’ and Source B confirming this by saying ‘my first duty was to my country and its interests’. Both Sources are reliable as evidence that the creation of the Kingdom of Northern Italy was due mainly to the support of France. In Source A, Cavour is attempting to persuade the King to support war as Piedmont has the support of the French. The author and purpose prove reliable as at the Congress of Paris after the Crimean War, a healthy relationship was established between Piedmont and France. Cavour is right to say such things in his letter as Napoleon did in fact show a great enthusiasm for the Italian cause and was a dedicated supporter of the Carbonari in his youth. In Source B, Napoleon is attempting to gain support from Queen Victoria of England whilst not alarming her at the prospect of war with Austria, a country whom she was pre-disposed to liking. What Napoleon says in Source B is unsurprising and he is correct to say such things as 7 months have passed since the ‘secret meeting’ at Plombieres which was in fact no longer secret by now. Tensions had been raised and Napoleon had become alarmed by this. The author, date and purpose of Source B prove reliable in Source B as well as Source A. The importance of French support is also mentioned briefly in Source E where Victor Emmanuel states that Piedmont has ‘gratitude to France for the services she has rendered to Italy’ and makes a ‘sacrifice’ for France. Again Source E is reliable as  concessions in the form of Savoy and Nice were made to France in return for their support in the 1859 war against Austria. Arguably Source C also implies that French support was important in creating the Kingdom of Northern Italy. Piedmont are seen to be struggling alone and French support was therefore important in victories such as those at Magenta and Solferino where French military support was the main factor in securing the victory. To conclude, Sources A and B provide the strongest evidence that French support was the main reason that a Kingdom of Northern Italy was created with Sources C and E also backing this up. Source A and B are reliable, accurate evidence considering opinions from both the French and Piedmontese making this group in support of the interpretation very strong. On the other hand, Sources C, D and E disagree with the interpretation that the creation of the Kingdom of Northern Italy was due mainly to the support of France with Sources E and D providing the strongest argument for this and claiming Piedmontese initiatives to be of greater importance. Both these Sources state that the work of Piedmontese citizens were far more important in securing the creation of a Kingdom of Northern Italy with Source E clearly stating ‘central Italy has been delivered thanks to the remarkable courage of its inhabitants’ and ‘Lombardy has been freed thanks to the glorious exploits of our heroes’ and Source D backing this up by saying ‘Assemblies which now exist in central Italy’. Contrastingly, Source C claims that French support was extremely lacking and accuses Napoleon of inactivity and duplicity, forcing the burden of the war effort to be shouldered by Piedmont whilst implying that France were self-interested and enquiring as to what they would get out of it. Sources D and E are reliable as evidence that the creation of the Kingdom of Northern Italy was due to Piedmontese initiatives. In Source D, Walewski is warning the Piedmontese of the consequences of sidelining the French in the Central Duchies. Walewski is right to make such warnings as the French had concerns about instability spreading into the Papal States and that therefore the terms of the Villafranca agreement would be invalid and Piedmont would not be guaranteed the possession of Lombardy. In Source E, Victor Emmanuel is attempting to explain to the Parliament in Turin why he has ‘sacrificed’ ‘Savoy and Nice’. What Victor Emmanuel says in source E is also unsurprising as it is typical of him to make a Risorgimento speech crediting Italians rather than the French as he was a believer in ‘Italia fara da se’. The date of Source E also makes it reliable as in April 1860, the war against Austria had finished and, when compared with source C and D, Victor Emmanuel has the advantage of hindsight enabling him to comment on both the importance of Italian initiatives as well as French support, despite leaving ‘the services’ that France rendered to Italy undefined. However, Source C is far less reliable as evidence that the creation of the Kingdom of Northern Italy was not due to the support of France. In Source C, the English political cartoon is attempting to belittle the importance of French support by making the French out to look greedy. What the cartoonist shows in Source C is unsurprising as British hostility toward Napoleon and the French was rife due to the long wars with Napoleon Bonaparte which ended in 1815 and the bitter relations that then existed between the British and the French. To conclude, sources B and D, written by the French Napoleon and Walewski stress the importance French in regard to diplomacy and agreements made between France and Piedmont. Sources A and E however, written by the Piedmontese Cavour and Victor Emmanuel stress the role of Cavour’s diplomacy and Italian heroes whilst simply acknowledging moral and military support of the French. In summary, the importance of the French was an extremely important factor in the creation of a Kingdom of Northern Italy as France provided military support at the battles of Magenta and Solferino and gave Lombardy and eventually Venetia over to Piedmont thus creating a Kingdom of Northern Italy.

Recycling Old Paper to Make Beautiful Handmade Paper

You can make beautiful paper for yourself or as gifts from recycled scraps of just about any paper  that you can find. By adding decorative items such as flower petals, you can create striking personalized stationery. This is a fun, inexpensive craft project that results in a unique, useful, handmade product while benefiting community recycling efforts. Paper for Recycling Steer clear of waxed cardboard, but otherwise you can use pretty much any type of paper products. These include:   Construction paperPrinter paperMagazinesJunk mailToilet paperPaper towelsPaper bagsNewspapers (will produce a grayish paper)Card stockNon-waxed cardboardNapkins Decorations Many materials can be added to the paper for decorative effects. You might wish to add flower or vegetable seeds to the paper, which then can be planted by the recipient if you use it as a gift. Materials to try include: Flower petalsSeedsFine leaves or grassFoilString or yarnDryer lintFood coloring (for dyeing your paper)Liquid starch (to make your paper less absorbent so that you can write on it with ink) Build a Frame While you can make the paper you gather into pulp and create a rough product just by pouring the pulp out and allowing it to dry, you can also form your paper into a rectangular sheet by using a frame. You can make a frame by duct-taping an old piece of window screen onto a small rectangular picture frame, or you can staple the screen onto the frame to make the mold. Another option is to bend a wire coat hanger into a shape of your choosing and slip old pantyhose around it to act as a screen. Make Your Paper Here is how to pulp the old paper together with water, spread it out, and allow it to dry: Tear the paper (feel free to mix different types) into small bits and put the pieces into a blender.Fill the blender about 2/3 full with warm water.Pulse the blender until the pulp is smooth. If you are going to write on the paper, blend in 2 teaspoons of liquid starch so it will not absorb ink from a pen.Set your mold into a shallow basin or pan. You can  use a cookie sheet or a sink. Pour the blended mixture into the mold. Sprinkle in your mix-ins (thread, flower petals, yarn, etc.). Shake the mold from side to side, keeping it in the liquid, to level out your paper pulp mixture.Absorb the excess water. You have a few options for doing so. You can remove the mold from the liquid and let the paper dry in the mold without absorbing the liquid. Or you can flip the paper  out onto your counter top or a large cutting board and use a sponge to wick away any excess water. Another option is to press a cookie sheet onto the paper to squeeze out the excess liquid.Air-dry the paper on a f lat surface. The resulting paper can be used as writing paper or to create  elegant greeting cards, to make or line envelopes, to wrap gifts, to fashion  gift bags or collages, or for any other use you can think of.